What is Java?

Java
is a programming language maintained by Oracle. The language allows developers to create code that is executable on any operating system with the Java platform installed on it. J2EE was the name for Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition. Java is a computer programming language. It enables programmers to write computer instructions using English based commands, instead of having to write in numeric codes. It’s known as a “high-level” language because it can be read and written easily by humans. Like English, Java has a set of rules that determine how the instructions are written. These rules are known as its “syntax”. Once a program has been written, the high-level instructions are translated into numeric codes that computers can understand and execute.

Virtual Machine

Java code can run on any machine, because it is interpreted at run time by the Java virtual machine. Instead of compiling the code, which creates an operating system dependent executable, each operating system downloads its own version of the Java platform and the virtual machine translates the Java code for that system.

Programming

Java is an object oriented programming language. Oracle provides the tools programmers need to develop Java applications for free on its website.

Java EE

Because of developments in the Java language, it is no longer referred to as J2EE. As of 2010, Java Enterprise Edition is referred to by Oracle as Java EE.

Object-Oriented Programming:

Object-oriented programming is at the core of Java. In fact, all Java programs are objectoriented this isn’t an option the way that it is in C++, for example. OOP is so integral to Java that you must understand its basic principles before you can write even simple Java programs. Therefore, this chapter begins with a discussion of the theoretical aspects of OOP.

Two Paradigms:

 all computer programs consist of two elements: code and data. Furthermore, a program can be conceptually organized around its code or around its data. That is, some programs are written around “what is happening” and others are written around “who is being affected.” These are the two paradigms that govern how a program is constructed. The first way is called the process-oriented model. This approach characterizes
a program as a series of linear steps (that is, code). The process-oriented model can be thought of as code acting on data. Procedural languages such as C employ this model to considerable success. However, as mentioned in Chapter 1, problems with this approach appear as programs grow larger and more complex.
To manage increasing complexity, the second approach, called object-oriented programming, was conceived. Object-oriented programming organizes a program around its data (that is, objects) and a set of well-defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to code. As you will see, by switching the controlling entity to data, you can achieve several organizational benefits.

Abstraction:

An essential element of object-oriented programming is abstraction. Humans manage
complexity through abstraction. For example, people do not think of a car as a set of
tens of thousands of individual parts. They think of it as a well-defined object with its
own unique behavior. This abstraction allows people to use a car to drive to the grocery
store without being overwhelmed by the complexity of the parts that form the car. They
can ignore the details of how the engine, transmission, and braking systems work. Instead
they are free to utilize the object as a whole.

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Who Created Java?

In the early nineties, Java was created by a team led by James Gosling for Sun Microsystems. It was originally designed for use on digital mobile devices, such as cell phones. However, when Java 1.0 was released to the public in 1996, its main focus had shifted to use on the Internet. It provided more interactivity with users by giving developers a way to produce animated webpages . Over the years it has evolved as a successful language for use both on and off the Internet. A decade later, it’s still an extremely popular language with over 6.5million developers worldwide.

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Why Choose Java?

Java was designed with a few key principles in mind:

Easy to Use:

The fundamentals of Java came from a programming language called c++. Although c++ is a powerful language, it was felt to be too complex in its syntax, and inadequate for all of Java's requirements. Java built on, and improved the ideas of c++, to provide a programming language that was powerful and simple to use.

Reliability:

Java needed to reduce the likelihood of fatal errors from programmer mistakes. With this in mind, object-oriented programming was introduced. Once data and its manipulation were packaged together in one place, it increased Java’s robustness.

Secure:

As Java was originally targeting mobile devices that would be exchanging data over networks, it was built to include a high level of security. Java is probably the most secure programming language to date.

Platform Independent:

Programs needed to work regardless of the machine they were being executed on.Java was written to be a portable language that doesn't care about the operating  system or the hardware of the computer.


The team at Sun Microsystems were successful in combining these key principles, and Java's popularity can be traced to it being a robust, secure, easy to use, and portable language.

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